The originator of the NOVA classification system, Carlos Monteiro, introduced the concept of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in 2009 without regard to nutrient levels found in food. Nutritionists argue for more research, noting that while some UPFs may be unhealthy, others can be part of a healthy diet. Despite many observational studies linking UPFs to various health issues, critical research shows that UPFs can lead to overconsumption. Suggestions to tax or ban UPFs may not be helpful as experts differ in their opinion on what is and isn’t ultra-processed. Some nutritionists argue that a majority of people do not have the resources to prepare every meal from fresh ingredients and advise that people should adhere to a diet with minimally processed whole foods to maintain optimal health.