The ongoing attack on Gaza, which began on Friday night, is still uncertain whether it is the start of a larger offensive or merely a test of Palestinian resistance. Israeli military launched limited ground attacks on Wednesday and Thursday, retreating back to Israel before dawn on both occasions. While the current attack does not appear to be the anticipated “Big One,” it could be a precursor to a full-scale offensive. The attack has resulted in a near-total communications blackout in Gaza, with public telecom infrastructure being targeted. However, Hamas fighters have reportedly prepared for this situation by installing “Israel-proof” communication infrastructure in their network of tunnels underground. These tunnels, which can be as deep as 20 meters, serve as a strategic advantage for Hamas as they are difficult to target with conventional bombs. The effectiveness of specialized bunker buster bombs is also questionable in this conflict due to the challenges of accurately detecting the deep tunnels and the cost associated with their use. The outcome of this recent escalation will determine Israel’s next steps and how well they learn from Hamas’s performance.