The Pentagon released a report detailing China’s expanding arsenal of nuclear and conventional weapons, which has been criticized by China’s Ministry of Defence. The report was deemed as exaggerated hype about a non-existent Chinese military threat. China defended its military strength as necessary for national security and as a deterrent against future wars. China is currently working towards transforming its People’s Liberation Army into a world-class military by 2027 and achieving national rejuvenation by 2049. Part of its national rejuvenation plan involves annexing Taiwan, a move that has raised concerns among Taiwan’s allies, including the United States. In July 2022, China showcased its military might by firing missiles over Taiwan and conducting naval exercises in the Taiwan Strait to protest against political visits. The Pentagon report states that China’s nuclear arsenal now includes over 500 warheads, potentially reaching 1,000 by 2023. It also highlights China’s interest in developing conventionally armed intercontinental-range missile systems capable of reaching the United States. China’s desire to build more overseas naval bases, similar to the United States, is also a concern for the US and its allies. Tensions have escalated in the South China Sea, where China has been building islands and conducting aggressive naval patrols. This has led to near collisions and disputes within the region. The report also mentions the United States’ accusations of aggressive behavior by the PLA air force. China argues that the US is being hypocritical in its efforts to counter China’s military expansion. The United States regularly conducts freedom of navigation exercises in disputed areas and exerts diplomatic pressure to prevent China from establishing more bases. China claims most of the South China Sea, while other countries like Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam also have partial claims in the region. China also has maritime disputes with Japan over the Senkaku Islands.