Europe has reached a preliminary agreement on significant European Union regulations regarding the use of artificial intelligence, including government implementation of AI in biometric surveillance and the regulation of AI systems such as ChatGPT. The agreement, which followed extensive negotiations, requires foundation models and general-purpose AI systems to comply with transparency obligations, and sets limits on the government’s use of real-time biometric surveillance in public spaces. The legislation is expected to enter into force early next year, with both sides ratifying it and applying it two years after. These ambitious AI rules could set a precedent for other governments and provide an alternative to the light-touch approach of the United States and the interim rules of China. Business groups and privacy rights groups have criticized the legislation.